Nowadays, solar batteries are no longer strange to us, so do you know about them? Solar cell power generation principle yet? To better understand how solar panels work, follow the article below!
1. What is a solar battery?
Solar panels are solar panels that we often see installed on the roofs of households. Modern designed panels have a structure consisting of many photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels will help convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. It is arranged in a grid pattern on the surface of the solar panel.
2. Main parts of solar panels
The structure of a solar cell consists of 8 main parts. Each part has a different function, operating based on the principle of solar cell electricity generation.
Here are the main parts of a solar battery:
Battery frame: Is the outer shell of the battery panel, which has the function of protecting the internal components of the battery and protecting the user.
Surface glass (usually tempered): Glass protects the solar panel from the effects of harsh weather.
Adhesive layer: This layer has the function of absorbing sunlight and protecting the battery from factors such as dust and moisture.
Photovoltaic cells: This is the solar cell layer, these cells make up the solar battery.
Back plate: This plate acts as an insulator, protects the battery and can resist moisture. This plate is placed on the back of the solar cell. It can be made of many back materials.
Junction box: Installed at the back. This is where the energy is converted into electricity.
DC Cable: Designed to conduct DC well. This is the type of cable specifically used for solar power.
MV4 Connector: This is the connector to connect the panels together. They are easily connected together via jacks.
3. Solar cell power generation principle
To explain the principle of electricity generation of solar cells, we must explain the principle of a smaller unit, the photovoltaic cell. As we know, a photovoltaic cell will use two different layers of silicon. That is the N type and the P type. The N type will contain excess electrons, and the P type will be the holes for the excess electrons.
At the point of contact between N and P, electrons can move across P/N to become (+) charged on one side. This means the other side will have (-) charge.
Light is actually tiny particles called photons in science. These particles are shot from the sun - sunlight.
What happens if one of these tiny particles hits a photovoltaic cell with enough energy? It knocks an electron out of its bond, leaving behind a hole.
Then, the electron (+) and hole (-) can move freely. But they will probably go in a certain direction. E will be attracted to N and the hole will be attracted to P.
The electrons are absorbed by the metal foils at the top of the solar cell. They then enter the conversion circuit before returning to the aluminum plate at the back.
Electrons are the only moving objects in a solar cell that can return to their starting point. Solar cells are infinite, nothing can exhaust them. That is why they have been around for a long time, and can last a long time. Their lifespan is up to decades.
The electricity generated from solar panels is direct current (DC). To use normal devices, you must convert the electricity from DC to alternating current (AC). At this point, we need an inverter.
4. Benefits of using solar power
The principle of generating electricity from solar panels is quite simple. However, the benefits it brings are more than you think. Below are the great benefits of using solar power that you should know:
Save monthly electricity bills for your family/business (up to 90%). You don't even need to use grid electricity for daily living and production.
Solar power system is very safe for everyone. In addition, this system is very stable in all circumstances.
You don't need to worry about power outages or grid short circuits.
Simple installation, no noise, no space consumption
Once installed, you can use it for a long time (up to 35 years)
During use, you do not need to pay any maintenance costs.
Solar panels will help your home become more modern
By using solar power systems, you are also contributing to environmental protection.
5. Conclusion
End of article about the principle of solar cell power generation. Do you understand more about the operation and operation of solar cells? Follow now GREEN IN to get more useful information!