Biological wastewater treatment What is biological wastewater treatment?
Biological wastewater treatment is becoming an important trend in environmental protection thanks to its ability to utilize microorganisms to decompose pollutants. This method not only helps to remove organic compounds but also saves operating costs and is friendly to the ecosystem. This method is being widely applied in industry and daily life, providing a sustainable solution for the future. Let's join Green In Learn more about biological wastewater treatment.
1. Concept of wastewater treatment by biological methods
Wastewater treatment is the process of removing impurities and pollutants in water to ensure safety for the environment and human health. Common treatment methods today include physical, chemical and biological, in which biological methods are highly appreciated for their environmental friendliness and economic efficiency.
Biological wastewater treatment uses microorganisms to decompose organic compounds, helping to minimize the risk of secondary pollution. In addition, this method also affects investment costs, system size and operational capacity compared to other treatment methods.
2. Operating mechanism of biological wastewater treatment process
During the treatment process, microorganisms absorb organic compounds in water as a source of nutrients and at the same time produce energy. As a result, high concentrations of pollutants are gradually decomposed to safe levels according to environmental standards. The result of this process is the formation of products such as CO₂, H₂O, N₂ and sulfite ions.
3. Advantages of wastewater treatment by biological methods
Biological wastewater treatment has many outstanding advantages, helping to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment in industries and daily life. One of the most important advantages is the ability to decompose organic matter naturally, minimizing negative impacts on the ecosystem.
Compared to chemical methods, biological treatment is less expensive because it does not use many chemicals. In addition, biological treatment systems can operate stably for a long time, consume less energy and minimize the amount of sludge that needs to be treated. This is a sustainable choice, in line with the current trend of environmental protection.
4. Wastewater treatment by anaerobic biological method
Anaerobic biological methods use microorganisms in the absence of oxygen to decompose organic compounds, especially high concentrations of organic matter. This process helps produce biogas that can be reused as energy.
4.1. Organic and inorganic treatment stage
This stage involves the breakdown of organic compounds into fatty acids, which are then converted into methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). In addition, inorganic substances such as nitrates and sulfates can also be reduced in an anaerobic environment.
4.2. Artificial anaerobic biological method
This method uses specially designed treatment tanks such as UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) tanks, anaerobic filters and anaerobic activated sludge tanks. These technologies help increase treatment efficiency and control the biodegradation process well.
4.3. Natural anaerobic biological method
Natural anaerobic treatment usually takes place in systems such as biological ponds, artificial wetlands or anaerobic wastewater storage areas. This method is suitable for large areas and does not require fast treatment speeds.
5. Wastewater treatment by aerobic biological method
Aerobic methods use microorganisms in an oxygenated environment to decompose organic matter, forming clean water and harmless compounds. This process is faster than anaerobic methods, helping to remove pollutants effectively.
5.1. Natural aerobic biological treatment stage
The natural treatment system includes bio-ponds, irrigated fields and artificial wetlands. Microorganisms in this environment will convert organic matter into CO₂, water and new microbial biomass, helping to improve water quality.
5.2. Artificial aerobic biological treatment stage
Artificial treatment technologies include activated sludge tanks, biofilters, rotating biodiscs and biofilters. These methods help increase treatment speed, save space and ensure high efficiency in removing organic matter.
6. Conclusion
Biological wastewater treatment is an effective and sustainable solution in protecting the environment, helping to reduce pollution and safely reuse water resources. With the ability to decompose organic substances thanks to microorganisms, this method is not only friendly to the ecosystem but also saves operating costs compared to chemical and physical methods. In the context of increasingly threatened environment, the application and development of biological wastewater treatment technology will contribute significantly to the goal of sustainable development and protecting clean water resources for the future. Follow now Green In for more useful information!